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. 2015 Feb 21;14:13.
doi: 10.1186/s12944-015-0011-8.

Amoxillin- and pefloxacin-induced cholesterogenesis and phospholipidosis in rat tissues

Solomon O Rotimi  1 , David A Ojo  2 , Olusola A Talabi  3 , Regina N Ugbaja  4 , Elizabeth A Balogun  5   6 , Oladipo Ademuyiwa  7
Affiliations
Free PMC article

Amoxillin- and pefloxacin-induced cholesterogenesis and phospholipidosis in rat tissues

Solomon O Rotimi et al. Lipids Health Dis. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

Background: To investigate whether amoxillin and pefloxacin perturb lipid metabolism.

Methods: Rats were treated with therapeutic doses of each antibiotic for 5 and 10 days respectively. Twenty four hours after the last antibiotic treatment and 5 days after antibiotic withdrawal, blood and other tissues (liver, kidney, brain, heart and spleen) were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their lipid contents.

Results: Both antibiotics produced various degrees of compartment-specific dyslipidemia in the animals. While plasma and erythrocyte dyslipidemia was characterised by up-regulation of the concentrations of the major lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and free fatty acids), hepatic and renal dyslipidemia was characterised by cholesterogenesis and phospholipidosis. Splenic dyslipidemia was characterised by cholesterogenesis and decreased phospholipid levels. Cardiac and brain cholesterol contents were not affected by the antibiotics. A transient phospholipidosis was observed in the brain whereas cardiac phospholipids decreased significantly. Lipoprotein abnormalities were reflected as down-regulation of HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, the two antibiotics increased the activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase. Although erythrocyte phospholipidosis was resolved 5 days after withdrawing the antibiotics, dyslipidemia observed in other compartments was still not reversible.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that induction of cholesterogenesis and phospholipidosis might represent additional adverse effects of amoxillin and pefloxacin.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of amoxillin (A) and pefloxacin (B).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of pefloxacin (A,C,E) and amoxillin (B,D,F) on plasma lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of pefloxacin (A, C, E) and amoxillin (B, D, F) on HDL lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of pefloxacin (A,C,E) and amoxillin (B,D,F) on VLDL+LDL lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of pefloxacin (A,C,E) and amoxillin (B,D,F) on erythrocyte lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of pefloxacin (A and C) and amoxillin (B and D) on erythrocyte and plasma free fatty acids of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effects of pefloxacin (A,C,E) and amoxillin (B,D,F) on erythrocyte membrane lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effects of pefloxacin (A,C,E) and amoxillin (B,D,F) on hepatic lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effects of pefloxacin (A,C,E) and amoxillin (B,D,F) on renal lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Effects of pefloxacin (A,C,E) and amoxillin (B,D,F) on brain lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Effects of pefloxacin (A,C,E) and amoxillin (B,D,F) on splenic lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Effects of pefloxacin (A,C,E) and amoxillin (B,D,F) on cardiac lipid profiles of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Effects of pefloxacin (A) and amoxillin (B) on HMG CoA/Mevalonate ratio of the animals. Each point represents M±SEM of 5 animals.
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