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. 2020 Oct 24;2020:5206204.
doi: 10.1155/2020/5206204. eCollection 2020.

Protective Role of Picralima nitida Seed Extract in High-Fat High-Fructose-Fed Rats

Opeyemi Christianah De Campos  1   2 , Daniel Ikpomwosa Osaigbovo  1 , Titilayo Ifeoluwa Bisi-Adeniyi  1 , Franklyn Nonso Iheagwam  1   2 , Solomon Oladapo Rotimi  1   2 , Shalom Nwodo Chinedu  1   2
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Protective Role of Picralima nitida Seed Extract in High-Fat High-Fructose-Fed Rats

Opeyemi Christianah De Campos et al. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. .
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Abstract

Picralima nitida is a therapeutic herb used in ethnomedicine for the management of several disease conditions including diabetes. This study examined the potential palliative effect of aqueous seed extract of Picralima nitida (APN) on dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and the expression of some metabolic genes in high-fat high-fructose-fed rats. Experimental rats (2 months old) were fed a control diet or a high-fat diet with 25% fructose (HFHF diet) in their drinking water for nine weeks. APN was administered orally during the last four weeks. Anthropometric and antioxidant parameters, lipid profile, plasma glucose, and insulin levels and the relative expression of some metabolic genes were assessed. APN caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in weight gained, body mass index, insulin resistance, plasma glucose, and insulin levels. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cardiac index, atherogenic index, coronary artery index, and malondialdehyde levels in plasma and liver samples were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by APN at all experimental doses when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. APN also significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the relative expression of glucokinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and leptin at 400 mg/kg body weight when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. This study showed that APN alleviated dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidant effect associated with the intake of a high-fat high-fructose diet.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of APN on cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of rats fed an HFHF diet. Values are represented as mean ± SEM of at least five biological replicates. Bars with # are significantly (P < 0.05) different from control while bars with ∗ are significantly different (P < 0.05) from HFHF-fed group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of APN on HDLc of rats fed an HFHF diet. Values are represented as mean ± SEM of at least five biological replicates. Bars with # are significantly (P < 0.05) different from control while bars with ∗ are significantly different (P < 0.05) from HFHF-fed group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of APN on the cardiac index, atherogenic index, and coronary artery index of rats fed an HFHF diet. Values are represented as mean ± SEM of at least five biological replicates. Bars with # are significantly (P < 0.05) different from control while bars with ∗ are significantly different (P < 0.05) from HFHF-fed group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of APN on MDA concentration and antioxidant parameters of rats fed an HFHF diet. (a) MDA level in liver homogenates; (b) MDA level in plasma samples; (c) GSH level in liver homogenates; (d) GSH level in plasma samples; (e) GST activity in liver homogenates; (f) GST activity in plasma; (g) SOD activity in liver homogenates; (h) SOD activity in plasma samples Bars with # are significantly (P < 0.05) different from control while bars with ∗ are significantly different (P < 0.05) from HFHF-fed group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of APN on the relative expression of some metabolic genes. (a) Relative expression of HMG-COA reductase; (b) relative expression of glucokinase; (c) relative expression of leptin; (d) relative expression of CPT-1; (e) relative expression of PEPCK. β-Actin and GAPDH were used as the reference gene to calculate the relative expression of the genes. Bars with # are significantly (P < 0.05) different from control while bars with ∗ are significantly different (P < 0.05) from HFHF-fed group.
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