Ajani, Olayinka O.
(2010)
Towards the conversion of carbohydrate biomass feedstocks to biofuels via hydroxylmethylfurfural.
Energy & Environmental Science, 3.
pp. 1833-1850.
ISSN 1754-5706
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Abstract
This review appraises the chemical conversion processes recently reported for the production of
hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF), a key biorefining intermediate, from carbohydrate biomass
feedstocks. Catalytic sites or groups required for the efficient and selective conversion of hexose
substrates to HMF are examined. The principle of concerted catalysis was used to rationalise the
dehydration of fructose and glucose to HMF in non-aqueous media. A survey of reported reaction
routes to diesel-range biofuel intermediates from HMF or furfural is presented and self-condensation
reaction routes for linking two or more HMF and furfural units together toward obtaining kerosene and diesel-range biofuel intermediates are highlighted. The reaction routes include: benzoin condensation, condensation of furfuryl alcohols, hetero Diels–Alder reaction and ketonisation
reaction. These reaction routes are yet to be exploited despite their potential for obtaining kerosene and diesel-range biofuel intermediates exclusively from furfural or hydroxylmethylfurfural.
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